In alternate to the classical methods of correction amétropies, glasses or corneal lenses of contact, it is possible for a few years to practice various surgical, grouped together interventions under the term of surgery réfractive. The oldest one is the kératomie radiaire KR (more and more abandoned). For 9 years, the properly surgical interventions stretch to be replaced by various methods employing the laser eximer.

Two principal methods currently are employed. A third method exists calling upon the establishment of rings intracornéens, but remains not very used.

1) The Kératectomie photoréfractive au laser Eximer (PKR) to realize a central flattening of the cornea by photoablation while using an ultraviolet radiance obtained by the mixture argon Florida of which the length of wave of 193 mm seems the more better adapted to surgery eyepiece. This method presents as principal advantage of not to be surgical. The risk opératoire is therefore clearly least that the one of the KR. Its principal inconveniences are, in contrast to the KR to be painful and of not to bring to the patient an immediate visual recuperation. It in fact must await of 1 to 3 months before noting a result view that will stabilize itself more or less quickly according to the degree of myopia.

2) The Kératomileusis myopique attended by the laser Eximer (method Lasik) is unquestionably the method more used currently. She consist in to cut surgically using a microkératome a corneal cover while preserving a hinge. After raising the cover, one realizes to the laser Eximer a photoablation réfractive of the central corneal stroma. At last, one rests the cover that remains in place without being necessary to practice one sutures. This method has for principal advantages: - Of not to be painful, - to induce scar phenomena in the thickness of the corneal stroma a lot less important than those of the PKR, which allows carrying out removals a lot deeper ones to correct strong amétropies with visual very quick recuperation, almost immediate. Why to pass PKR to the Lasik?